Navolato: The Cradle of the Narco Empire
From Navolato I Come: The Secret History of the Narco
The drug trafficking phenomenon in Mexico has a long and complex history that goes back to the origins of the country. However, few people know the details of how the narco culture emerged and evolved, and how it influenced the political, social and economic life of Mexico.
Historia secreta del narco desde Navolato vengo.pdf
In this article, we will explore the secret history of the narco, focusing on one of its most emblematic regions: Navolato, a municipality in the state of Sinaloa, where some of the most notorious drug lords were born and raised.
Navolato: The Cradle of the Narco Empire
Navolato is a small town located in the fertile valley of Culiacán, the capital of Sinaloa. It has a population of about 150,000 inhabitants, mostly dedicated to agriculture and fishing. However, behind this peaceful facade lies a dark and violent reality: Navolato is also known as the cradle of the narco empire.
According to José Alfredo Andrade Bojorges, author of the book La historia secreta del narco: desde Navolato vengo , Navolato was the birthplace or residence of some of the most influential drug traffickers in Mexico's history, such as Pedro Avilés Pérez, Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo, Rafael Caro Quintero, Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo, Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán Loera, Ismael "El Mayo" Zambada García, Juan José Esparragoza Moreno and Amado Carrillo Fuentes.
Andrade Bojorges argues that Navolato's geographical location, its agricultural wealth, its proximity to the US border and its historical marginalization were some of the factors that favored the development of the drug trade in this region. He also claims that the narco culture was deeply rooted in the local society, where drug traffickers were seen as heroes or benefactors who provided jobs, money and protection to their people.
The Hidden Origins of the Drug Cartels
The history of drug trafficking in Mexico can be traced back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when opium poppy and marijuana were cultivated and smuggled to meet the demand of American consumers. However, it was not until the 1960s and 1970s that the drug trade became a major business and a source of conflict and corruption.
One of the pioneers of this industry was Pedro Avilés Pérez, also known as "El León de la Sierra" or "El Mudo". He was born in Navolato in 1930 and started his criminal career as a car thief and smuggler. He soon became one of the main suppliers of marijuana and heroin to the US market, using airplanes and trucks to transport his products. He also established alliances with other drug lords from Sinaloa, Durango and Chihuahua, forming what would later be known as the Guadalajara Cartel.
Another key figure in this cartel was Ernesto Fonseca Carrillo, also known as "Don Neto" or "El Padrino". He was born in Badiraguato, Sinaloa, in 1930 and moved to Navolato when he was young. He joined Avilés Pérez's organization and became his right-hand man. He was in charge of managing the production and distribution of drugs, as well as bribing authorities and politicians. He also recruited young men from Navolato and other towns to work as sicarios (hitmen) or halcones (lookouts) for the cartel.
One of these young men was Rafael Caro Quintero, also known as "El Príncipe" or "El Narco de Narcos". He was born in Badiraguato, Sinaloa, in 1952 and moved to Navolato when he was a teenager. He started working for Fonseca Carrillo as a marijuana farmer and smuggler. He soon proved his skills and loyalty to his boss and became one of his trusted associates. He was responsible for creating massive marijuana plantations in Chihuahua and Durango, using sophisticated irrigation systems and aerial surveillance. He also introduced new methods of processing and packaging drugs, such as using vacuum sealers and plastic bags.
Another prominent member of the Guadalajara Cartel was Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán Loera, also known as "El Jefe de Jefes" or "The Boss of Bosses". He was born in La Tuna, Badiraguato, Sinaloa, in 1957 and moved to Navolato when he was a child. He started working for Avilés Pérez and Fonseca Carrillo as a driver and bodyguard. He quickly rose through the ranks of the cartel and became one of the main lieutenants of Félix Gallardo. He was in charge of overseeing the transportation and logistics of drugs from Colombia to Mexico and then to the United States. He also developed a reputation for being ruthless, cunning and innovative in his operations.
The Rise and Fall of the Guadalajara Cartel
The Guadalajara Cartel reached its peak of power and influence in the mid-1980s, when it controlled most of the drug trafficking in Mexico and had connections with other criminal organizations around the world. However, its downfall began in 1985, when one of its members, Enrique Camarena Salazar, a DEA agent working undercover as a Mexican police officer, was kidnapped, tortured and killed by cartel members. This sparked a massive manhunt and a crackdown by the Mexican and US governments against the cartel.
In 1989, Félix Gallardo was arrested and convicted for ordering Camarena's murder. He decided to divide his empire among his subordinates, creating several smaller cartels that would operate independently but cooperate with each other. These cartels were: the Sinaloa Cartel, led by Guzmán Loera and Zambada García; the Tijuana Cartel, led by Esparragoza Moreno and the Arellano Félix brothers; the Juárez Cartel, led by Carrillo Fuentes; and the Sonora Cartel, led by Caro Quintero.
However, this arrangement did not last long, as rivalries and conflicts soon erupted among the different factions. The Guadalajara Cartel's legacy of violence, corruption and drug trafficking continued to plague Mexico for decades to come.
Conclusion
In this article, we have explored the secret history of the narco, from its origins in Navolato, Sinaloa, to its rise and fall as the Guadalajara Cartel. We have seen how some of the most notorious drug lords in Mexico's history were born and raised in this region, and how they shaped the drug trade and the narco culture in the country. We have also seen how their actions had profound consequences for Mexico and the United States, as well as for the millions of people affected by drug addiction, violence and corruption.
The story of the narco is not over yet, as new generations of drug traffickers continue to emerge and challenge the authorities and each other. However, by understanding the history of this phenomenon, we can better comprehend its causes and effects, and hopefully find ways to prevent and combat it. b99f773239
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